1. Abstract The biochemical model explains the intricate mechanisms of psychobiological life. He still cannot explain what the transition from inanimate to living matter is all about. Where is the threshold and what is its essence, what role do biochemical processes play in the coherence of the soma with consciousness and its impact on the soma and vice versa? A similar problem is with other mental processes, their nature does not fit into the biochemical model of life and is inexplicable on the basis of biochemical interactions, again it is much easier to describe it in the light of quantum processes - including wave physics. It is similar with the functioning of the heart or other organs, where only the biochemical processes of the cell are considered, ignoring the bioelectronic processes. Man is not only a purely biological construct, but also contains the basis of biochemical, bioelectronic, information and cybernetic processes that are responsible for shaping the psychobiological processes of man. Contemporary biosystems in science are considered at the level of corpuscular structures, ignoring energy and information structures. By shifting the cognitive emphasis towards energy and information structures, the organism can be perceived as a quantum generator of information: electromagnetic, soliton, acoustic, spin and bioplasma. This bioelectronic construction creates homo electronicus with his electronic personality
2. Heart Conduction System The heart is made up mainly of muscles that form four chambers: two smaller ones with thin walls called atria, and two larger ones with thick walls called ventricles. The correct direction of blood flow in the heart is organized by valves that allow blood to flow in only one direction. We have four of them in the heart: two between the atria and ventricles (mitral and tricuspid), and two at the outflow from the ventricles (aortic and pulmonary). The heartbeat we hear is the sound of the valves working. The heart is divided into two parts, right and left, which are separated from each other by a septum. The right part pumps blood from our body to the lungs (small circulation) and the left part pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs back to our body (large circulation). The transport of blood in the heart is carried out - oxygen-poor blood flows from the right atrium and is directed towards the right ventricle. Then it goes to the pulmonary artery, otherwise known as the pulmonary trunk, and is transported to the lungs, where thanks to the blood vessels it getsrid of carbon dioxide and takes oxygen. Oxygen-rich blood travels through the pulmonary veins towards the left atrium of the heart and then into the left ventricle. Then it heads towards the main artery, i.e. the aorta, to get to all places in the body. The blood, which is already deprived of oxygen, returns through the vena cava to the right atrium of the heart [42]. The natural rhythm generator: the sinoatrial node. It rhythmically produces electrical impulses that spread through the heart, stimulating it to work. The heart performs over 100,000 contractions per day and pumps over 7,000 liters of blood during this time. The circulatory system consists of veins, arteries and small capillaries. The role of the arteries is to take blood away from the heart and carry it further to all tissues in the human body [34]. An electrical conduction system regulatesthe pumping of the heart and timing of contraction of various chambers. Heart muscle contracts in response to the electrical stimulus received system gen erates electrical impulses and conducts them throughout the muscle of the heart, stimulating the heart to contract and pump blood. Among the major elements in the cardiac conduction system are the sinus node, atrioventricular node, and the autonomic nervous system [49]. 1. The sinus node is the heart’s natural pacemaker. The sinus node is a cluster of cells situated in the upper part of the wall of the right atrium. The electrical impulses are generated there. (The sinus node is also called the sinoatrial node.) 2. The electrical signal generated by the sinus node moves from cell to cell down through the heart until it reaches the atrioventricular node (the AV node), a cluster of cells situated in the center of the heart between the atria and ventricles. 3. The AV node serves as a gate that slows the electrical current before the signal is permitted to pass down through to the ventricles. This delay ensures that the atria have a chance to fully contract before the ventricles are stimulated. After passing the AV node, the electrical current travels to the ventricles along special fibers embedded in the walls of the lower part of the heart. 4. The autonomic nervous system (the same part of the nervous system as controls the blood pressure) controls the firing of the sinus node to trigger the start of the cardiac cycle. The autonomic nervous system can transmit a message quickly to the sinus node so it in turn can increase the heart rate to twice normal within only 3 to 5 seconds. This quick response is important during exercise when the heart has to increase its beating speed to keep up with the body’s increased demand for oxygen. (https://www.medicinenet.com/heart_conduction_system/definition.htm. Medicine net Conduction system heart) 18.7.2021) [29].
3. The Heart Rate and the Causes of its Malfunction The pulse is the undulating movement of the arteries that results from the contractions of the heart and the elasticity of the arterial walls. The pulse is nothing but the pulsating movement of the walls of the arteries, which lead to the ejection of blood during the contraction of the heart chambers. The heart rate is influenced by the action of the heart and the elasticity of the blood vessels. The ejection of blood from the heart into the main artery causes an increase in pressure and this is a shock wave. This wave becomes a generator of solitons, which spread throughout the body and are a measure of human health and disease. The heart rate, allows you to assess the state of functioning of the circulatory system, shows us how quickly the heart pumps blood to all organs of the body. It depends mainly on two factors - the heartbeat, which pumps blood to the arteries, and the condition of the blood vessels that we are examining. The pulse should be consistent with the heartbeat, symmetrical and regular. A normal adult heart rate is about 60 to 90 beats per minute at rest. Aheart rate above 100 beats per minute is called tachycardia, or tachycardia. A pulse below 60 is bradycardia. Both of these results are worrying and require consultation with a specialist [34].
The most important characteristics of the heart rate: 1. Pulse frequency - means the number of beats of the pulse wave per minute. The pulse rate depends on many factors related to both physiology and abnormal processes in the body; 2. regularity of the pulse - means the regularity of the beats of the pulse wave. The Intervals between successive strokes should be the same, and their strength should be similar. Irregular heart rate occurs, for example, during tachycardia; 3. pulse filling – means filling the artery with blood and is related to the pulse amplitude (difference between systolic and diastolic pressure). We distinguish here high pulse, low pulse, thready pulse and bizarre pulse; 4. Pulse voltage - indicates the amount of arterial pressure. We distinguish hard pulse (clear), soft pulse (weak) and double beat pulse (two waves during one contraction); 5. pulse rate - means the rate at which the vessel fills with blood and collapses during one heart cycle. We distinguish between fast and lazy pulses; 6. pulse height; 7. Pulse symmetry – means that the pulse wave is symmetrical in all limbs. It is a simple way for the initial diagnosis of many diseases, such as atherosclerosis or arterial congestion [35].
The effects of an abnormal pulse depending on its type: 1. A small and lazy pulse occurs with aortic stenosis of the heart. 2. A rapid or low pulse indicates shock, dehydration, and fever. 3. Hypokinetic heart rate - this heart rate tells you that the heart is incapable of pumping blood because it is inefficient, or the blood vessels are damaged by disease, they put up a lot of resistance and it is difficult to pump blood into them. 4. Fast and high pulse - indicates “intensive” blood flow, it happens during fever or During intense physical exertion, but also in heart defects, i.e. aortic regurgitation and patent duct of Botalla (congenital heart disease). 5. Hyperkinetic pulse - this is a strongly palpable pulse that occurs in aortic regurgitation, patent duct of Botall (congenital heart disease). 6. Double pulse - when we feel two pulse waves during one heartbeat. This is the case in some complex heart defects, mainly involving the heart valves. 7. A dicrotic pulse is when the doctor feels a pulse wave under his fingers while hearing the heart contract, and then feels a second wave as the heart begins to relax. These are usually alarming symptoms in severe heart failure and shock. 8. A bizarre pulse is diagnosed if there are palpable changes in the pulse rate during breathing - during inspiration the pulse filling decreases significantly or even disappears 9. Alternating pulse - it consists in the fact that pulse waves with a large and small amplitude are felt alternately, i.e. more and less perceptible. This is how the heart rate is described in left ventricular failure. 10. Twin pulse - each normal heart beat is accompanied by an additional, extra, and thus – second pulse wave. Such a pulse occurs in some cardiac arrhythmias. 11. A pulse deficit is a situation when more heartbeats are registered per minute than are sensed by counting the pulses in the peripheral arteries. This means that not every heartbeat generates a pulse wave. This happens, for example, during rapid atrial fibrillation [12]. 12. Differences in pulse amplitude on symmetrical arteries, when the doctor senses the pulse ifferently on the corresponding arteries on the right side than on the left side. Such a symptom indicates changes in a given artery or vessels on the side on which a given artery branches off. The most common cause is atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels [65]. In his medical achievements, Józef Struś distinguishes simple and complex pulses. In the range of simple pulses, the following are the basis for the division: the amount of diastole, the quality of movement, the length of time at rest, the quality ofstrength and the quality of the artery. Due to the size of the diastole, there are high, medium and low pulses, depending on the quality of movement; - fast, medium, slow, due to the length of the pause; - frequent, medium, rare. Due to the quality of strength; violent, medium, frail, due to arterial quality; soft medium, hard. Compound pulses are composed of simple pulses. The ratio between the pulses depends on the order and ataxia, i.e. disturbance of order-rhythm, equality and inequality. Rhythm is the relationship between diastolic and systolic movement qualities. Quality, on the other hand, is speed, slowness and what is intermediate between the two [61]. An abnormal heart rate is associated with heart problems or abnormalities in the arteries. In healthy people, the heart rate follows the heartbeat, is symmetrical and regular [48]. • the center that generatesthe heart rhythm is not working properly - electrical signals are not produced often enough • the electrical signal is slowed down or blocked as it travels through the heart, these are called conduction disorders. The causes of too slow heart rate and too slow pulse can also be: • medicines, especially those used to treat high blood pressure • some infections • sleep apnea • anorexia. • Pulse disorders can have a very diverse background, which is why further - more detailed – diagnostics are necessary [60]. Bioelectronic interpretation of the work of the heart In the process of functioning, the heart contracts and then relaxes. When the heart contracts, it pumps(or ejects) blood from the lower chambers. When the heart relaxes, the ventricles fill with blood [27]. The left ventricle is the main chamber that pumps blood from the heart, doctors usually measure the left ventricular ejection fraction. This is called the left ventricular ejection fraction, or LVEF. The LVEF for a healthy heart is between 55% and 70%. LVEF may be lower if the heart muscle has been damaged as a result of a heart attack, heart failure, or other heart disease [52]. The author of this paper is of the opinion that water and acoustic solitons are generated during the ejection fraction of blood in the heart. A soliton is a solitary wave of unchanging shape, located in time and space. There are solitons of light, water and sound that can strongly interact with other solitons, but after a collision they remain unchanged, only a phase shift occurs. Form and structure remain unchanged. This means that they penetrate each other without losing their identity [16, 17] (Figure 1 and 2). Solitons can spread across the universe and do not disappear. They exist from the beginning of life until the present. The cosmos is densely filled with a solitonic network, carrying content and meaning [18].
Solitons are responsible for the proper functioning of a biological cell. The human biological system has the ability to generate and receive soliton fields, which take an active part in the processes of human life and determine their health, illness and personality development. The movement of solitons is affected by the density and thickness of the biological membrane in the cell, as it determines the size of the piezoelectric, pyroelectric and feroelectric effect from which the electric field flows, interacting with the solitons [6, 63]. Solitons bring signals, meanings, conceptual content from the cosmos to the human psychosphere. It happens in such a way that the DNA molecules of the genetic material emit laser light, which creates the Bose-Einstein condensate needed to generate solitons. Laser radiation also activates ion pumps on cell membranes and helix bioplasmic antennas that pull solitons from outer space to the inside of the cell, and simultaneously to the bioplasma of the biological system [9, 28]. One of the nucleobases, thymine, is ferroelectric and therefore piezoelectric and pyroelectric [13]. The authors of these studies present the thesis that ferroelectricity of thymine can find wide possibilities in creating new bases that are currently unknown and at the same time reconstructing the bases present in the DNA of the genetic chain. This opens a new way to use thymine in the treatment of infectious diseases. All this will be done on a piezoelectric and ferroelectric basis, in which the electric field will play an important role [31]. In the DNA molecule, thymine is connected to adenine through two hydrogen bonds, thus stabilizing the composition of the nucleic acid and taking part in pairing and replication. The most important feature of ferroelectrics is polarization, i.e. connecting thymine to adenine through the electric field of direct current and the work of solitons [40]. Ferroelectrics are bodies in which a spontaneous polarization appears in a certain temperature range in the absence of an external electric field. The direction of spontaneous polarization can be changed by the action of an external electric field and by external pressure. Ferroelectrics undergo deformation under the influence of an external electric field, which is proportional to the square of the field strength. This phenomenon is called electrostriction, which generates an acoustic wave. All ferroelectrics except electrostriction exhibit the piezoelectric effect [37]. In pyroelectrics, spontaneous polarization exists over the entire temperature range, up to the melting point. Ferroelectrics are a special case of pyroelectrics, in which spontaneous polarization also occurs, but only in a certain temperature range [36]. Researchers from the University of Washington investigated the ferroelectric properties of the protein tropoelastin [64]. Elastin, as a key protein found in connective tissues, is an important structural component of the lungs, heart and arteries, is ferroelectric [40, 41], has important physiological functions in vascular morphogenesis [21]. Homeostasis [45] and in the regulation of cell function [26]. It provides the necessary elasticity and elasticity to the aorta, lungs, ligaments and skin subjected to repeated mechanical and physiological loads [24, 47]. The ferroelectric polarization of elastin affects the proliferation and organization of smooth muscles, vessels and contributes to arterial morphogenesis [11, 39]. Piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity are a constant feature of a biological system, through them we can influence biological structures - DNAand RNA, which will allow us to control the functioning of a biological cell [1]. Solitons require the presence of the physical environment as an information carrier, therefore they cannot propagate in a vacuum, which is not required by other elementary particles [17, 18]. The electric field in the human biological system is the carrier of solitons, which contain the primary information called “ingeneza”. Ingeneza programs are quantized and create all stages of development, cell, organism, biosphere and cosmos. Water molecules are also carriers of this information (Figure 3). Ingeneza designsthe shape of a snowflake, but also the structure of honeycombs. The bee will always produce the same comb pattern. Solitons are also responsible for supplying the human body with nutrients needed for life, such as vitamins, minerals, elements, fatty acids and amino acids. They regulate blood pH, osmotic pressure, and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the blood [9, 23, 25, 49]. The heart is a key organ of our body, also in the context of the use of quantum techniques. According to Ampere’s law, when an electric current flows through a conductor, it creates a magnetic field. The magnetic field lines form concentric circles around the conductor. The human body is also an amazing conductor. For its functioning, it uses the phenomenon of bioelectric streamsthrough which cells communicate. This is how a biomagnetic field is created (Sadowski et al. 2018) (Figure 4).
The movements of electrical charges in the heart create an electromagnetic field that can also be measured at a considerable distance from the body. Scientists from the Heart Math Institute (USA) consider the heart to be an extremely powerful source of electromagnetic energy in the body, creating a regular electromagnetic field. The heart is the human body’s most powerful electromagnetic energy generator, producing the largest rhythmic electromagnetic field of any body organ. The electromagnetic field of the heart has an amplitude 60 times greater than the electrical activity of the brain. In addition, the magnetic field generated by the heart is more than 5,000 times stronger than the magnetic field of the brain and can be detected many meters above the body and is empirically measurable [32]. It turns out that about 60% of heart cells are neurons that process information. Researchers at the Heart Math Institute believe that communication between the heart and the brain takes place through four channels: • neurological communication, via the vagus nerve, • biophysical communication, through pressure and pulse, • biochemical communication, through hormones, energy (information) communication, through the electromagnetic field of the heart (Mc Craty et al. 2004). Solitons transmit information through vibrations in biological systems, as is the case with nerve impulses. The variety of soliton densities is endless. Solitons show incredible resistance to distortion and interference noise [20, 43]. Soliton can generate an electromagnetic wave or absorb it, which results in the creation of a continuous conducting center and transferring information over a distance [55]. The author is of the opinion that for the proper functioning of psychobiological processes processes taking place in the human biological system, not only electric and electromagnetic fields, acoustic waves and bioplasmas are needed, but also soliton and spin waves. In biological systems, the spin wave is most often the result of the functioning of free radicals. Free radicals are atoms that have no pair. Oxygen atoms in our body should have an even number of electrons. Sometimes it happens that during the transformation of oxygen in mitochondrial processes an electron is lost. The oxygen atom loses its original equilibrium and begins to search for the missing electron in the immediate vicinity, taking electrons from other oxygen atoms. In this way, further incomplete oxygen atoms are formed - free radicals. The long-term process of electron transposition leads to the destruction of the protein structure, i.e. damage to cell membranes or DNA structures, which has a negative effect on our health [42]. The very harmful free radicals include; hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide superoxide and hydroxide. They can activate various types of molecules that appear during metabolic processes or physicochemical processes. In the classical approach, spins take a swirling motion, both to the right and to the left, which triggers a spin field that plays a key role in the functioning of the cells of the human biological system [10]. If the magnetic field strengthens or extends its influence, magnetic soliton vortices are formed, which negatively affect the functioning of the biological cell and the course of the pulse in the biological system. The heart rate is controlled by solitons, the functioning of solitons is conditioned by electric and magnetic fields. Most free radicals negatively affects the process of functioning of biological cells. There are free radicals that have a positive effect on the body, such as the melanin radical. Melanin has the ability to turn a photon into a phonon and vice versa. This is an important phenomenon in the process of functioning of solitons. When a strong magnetic field starts to spin the soliton, which is on the back of the electromagnetic wave, the melanin converts the electromagnetic wave into an acoustic one. After the decay of the electromagnetic wave, the soliton passes into the acoustic wave, retaining its content and potency. Soliton on the acoustic wave does not perceive the magnetic field, it directs attention to metabolic activities [46]. Solitons in the treatment of Covid 19. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, primarily infects respiratory cells, including nasal ciliary epithelial cells and secretory goblet cells, respiratory epithelial cells, type II alveolar pneumocytes and lung microvascular endothelial cells. Some people infected with SARS-CoV-2 are asymptomatic, but most of those infected initially develop symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection, such as fever, cough, sore throat, fatigue and muscle pain, with subsequent development of viral pneumonia with shortness of breath. Most symptomatic COVID-19 patients recover with supportive care in hospitals; However, a small but significant percentage of COVID-19 patients are at risk of developing Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) or respiratory failure. Elderly patients (> 60 years) and those with comorbiditiessuch as diabetes, hypertension and chronic lung disease, and obese people are at particular risk of these diseases. Patients in this area often require Intensive Care Unit (ICU) care and oxygen therapy, including mechanical ventilation, and mortality among them is high. Post-mortem examinations of those who died of COVID 19 suggest that their deaths are mainly due to respiratory failure due to large diffuse alveolar damage and pulmonary thrombosis. Inflammation of the lungs makes it difficult to exchange gases and at the same time introduce oxygen into the bloodstream. This means that all the tissues of the organs simply suffocate, because oxygen does not flow to them. The patient fights for every single breath. It is a great suffering. In an attempt to save a life, doctors put a face mask on the patient, giving him 100% oxygen, and the patient dies from lack of oxygen. There is a disturbance in the bioelectronic mechanism of breathing. During the breaking of amino acid bonds, free radicals appear, and with them a spin wave that disturbs the information economy of the cell. Spin wave causes changes in biological and mental structures, because it is an element of consciousness. In the structure of consciousness, malaise appears due to pain in muscles, joints, suffocation due to lack of oxygen. In biological structures, it begins with a high temperature, which is joined by diarrhoea, dry cough, muscle and joint dysfunction, headaches, pneumonia, intestinal dysfunction, etc. Quite often, impaired kidney function, or loss of smell or taste can be observed (Pryć 2015). COVID 19, as well as the flu virus, immediately after entering the human body, starts the mutation process - it changes the host cell’s electric field and spin wave, takes control over them and manages the functioning of the biological cell and the entire biological system. In living organisms, the spin wave works closely with the soliton wave, which has encoded programs about the proper functioning of the cell and maintaining homeostasis. Homeostasis is about maintaining the balance of the internal environment of the human body in relation to external conditions. Solitons are also responsible for supplying the human body with nutrients needed for life, such as vitamins, minerals, elements, fatty acids and amino acids. They regulate blood pH, osmotic pressure, and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen in the blood. High spin wave intensity disrupts solitonic activity and can lead to cell death. In the process of endocytosis, the virus seeks to break hydrogen bonds in amino acids. This phenomenon reduces the ferroelectricity of elastin [40, 41]. Disruption of this mechanism leads to the loss of alveolar activity, muscle dysfunction, or other dysfunctional cell or tissue functions. The task of solitons is to restore the homeostatic balance of the body and the proper functioning of the biological cell [6, 19]. To sum up, it should be stated that biological piezo- and pyroelectrics are capable of transforming mechanical and thermal energy into electricity (electric field). This field changes the energy state of neighboring cells, integrates the whole organism, regulates metabolic processes, and directs the growth of the organism. It records the perceptual impression not only in the brain, but also in the entire body [7]. The electronic interpretation of a living organism turns out to be extremely inspiring, because it takes into account the fact that the organs receiving information from the environment are not only sensory receptors, perceptual and motor systems, but also the entire biological mass of the organism understood as biological piezoelectrics and semiconductors [57]. The action of solitons and spins in the human biological system provides the basis for seeing psychobiological processes in a different light than is currently done by psychology. And medicine. Spin and soliton waves create a different picture of the world than the electromagnetic wave received by the sight receptor. It can be concluded that we are dealing with the second center that creates the structure of the image of the world and is responsible for the psychophysical development of man, health and disease. In current biology and psychology, there is no room for solitons and spin functions that quantum physics deals with.
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